Welcome Paragraph

Hello and welcome to my Radio and Factual Production blogger where I will be blogging all my research and work for the build up to making my Radio Podcast. Here you will find the different types of research such as Primary Research, Secondary Research, Market Research and Production Research. I will also be writing about my idea for my podcast and developing my idea so I can make my podcast. The idea that I have chosen to do was The History of Transport in Manchester and throughout this blogger account I will be showing my research that I have carried out to expand my idea and go into depth with my research. Then I will be showing a powerpoint presentation which will be uploaded onto slide share, this powerpoint will contain information on my idea and how my idea has been developed. Then my blogger will have the process of making my podcast with screenshots of editing and all the paperwork that I have filled out will be on there as well with photo evidence.

Unit 43.1 Research Techniques Essay and Bibliography

Joseph Dootson

In this essay I will be writing about the advantages and disadvantages of a range of research techniques. I will be writing about the different types of research techniques such as Qualitative Research and Quantative Research. Also I will be investigating the methods and sources of research that are Primary Research and Secondary Research. The purpose and nature of research I will be writing about are Audience Research, Marketing Research and Purpose of Research.

Qualitative Research

There are different types of research that are qualitative research and quantative research. Qualitative research is text-based research and a source of information that is used to explore, describe and explain and also can be to predict. McQueen and Knussen (2002) Qualitative Research approaches explore and describe, explain and predict. P28. Reviews. Examples of this research would be books and journals. The Advantages for using this type of research are that the source of information that is used is more reliable as the content that has been collected is from a book. This could mean that the person you are collecting the information from will be professional in the business industry and him or herself may have a degree in this field of research. The disadvantage to Qualitative research is if you are using journals. The content that has been written in journals would be non-reliable and the source of information isn’t professional and could have been found on Wikipedia and the information might have mistakes.

Quantative Research

Quantative research is a numerical based source of information, which is used to measure, to find statistics and collects data from a group of people. This is done by using surveys and to ask a range of questions to a specific audience. When data is collected the data will be formed into bar and pie charts or into columns. The advantages to Quantative research is that for example if you are researching about what the most popular program on ITV 1 is this week you would research the viewing figures on the BARB website to find out that during the week in late may the Champions League Final between Real Madrid and Athletico Madrid Had 8.3 Million people watching it. The disadvantage would be that the source of information that you have collected might be false data because the answers that you are getting might be false data. The data could also be incorrect if you have misused the statistics when creating the pie chart for your results.

Methods of Research Primary Research

Primary Research is your research that you find out for yourself for example if you are going to make a podcast on How much Manchester has changed over the past 50 years you would go and organize interviews with people who work at Museums in Manchester or maybe speak to the people of Manchester in the city Centre who have maybe lived in Manchester over the last 50 years and seen the Changes. Another way of using primary research could be Questionnaires for example if you want to find out some information on How Manchester has changed you could make a questionnaire asking different questions such as How much has transport changed over the last 30 years and with my documentary being aimed at ages 50-80 year olds mainly men I would be able to get some good feedback from then because it could be one of there interests. An advantage of primary research is interviews as your primary research because you are able to use structured, semi structured and grouped interviews and this is beneficial because you are able to allow the interviewee to go into depth and then this will enable you to collect more information. A disadvantage of primary research is that if you are using your notes from the past you might not be able to understand what you have written and this could cause you to have false information when you are interviewing someone which could cause confusion and you wont get the information you will want.

Methods and Sources Secondary Research

Secondary Research is different to primary because with primary you are find out research by yourself in contrast to secondary research where you are finding out the information from somebody else such as Books and Journals. An example of secondary research could be that if you were making a podcast on How Transport has changed in Manchester in the last 50 years and you wanted some statistics on The soldiers using trams in the second world war you would go and find that information on using books or maybe going to a museum in Manchester to find this relevant information out. Another example of secondary research could be that are you getting your information from a reliable source for example If you wanted more statistics on how many people use the trams in Manchester yearly you would make sure you use the Metrolink website because this is a reliable source rather than using Wikipedia for your source of information because Wikipedia isn’t a reliable website for your information. An advantage of Secondary Research could be the information that you find out will be from a reliable source such as the Metrolink website or a Museum. A disadvantage of Secondary Research could be that the information you are receiving from a website such as Wikipedia could be incorrect data.

Purpose of Research Audience Research

Audience Research is divided into categories in the media industry which is known as the Anthony Giddens theory. These different categories are social capital, cultural capital, financial capital and education capital. These different capitals are used to find out how much equity a person might have Anthony Giddens (2009) “Sociology Is the scientific study of human life social groups whole societies and the human world as seen.”P6. Social class is split up into different class such as A- upper middle class B- middle class C1- lower middle class C2- Skilled working class D- working class E- non working class. Audience Research is also used to find out what people are interested in so that the audience of your product is satisfied with it for example a Television program such as Coronation Streets viewers will increase instead of the views decreasing.

Market Research

Market Research is used to find put what people want to see and listen. Market Research can be also used to find out peoples interests and see what they approve of when they watch television programs and listen to the radio. market research is similar to audience research because when market researchers are making a questionnaire or survey they will divide each category by age, sex and interests. An example for market research would be RAJAR as a market researcher for radio stations would be able to use RAJAR surveys to find out which is the most popular radio station is this week. Also you will be able to see what age group of this radio station reaches out to for example Radio one Breakfast Show presented by Nick Grimshaw the age group that this radio program reaches out to is ages 15-27. Market Researchers can also find out If the certain radio show should be showing hard news or soft news for this type of audience for example with radio one they show soft news because of the age group that this radio show is aimed at and with showing soft news they can gain more viewers.

Production Research

When using production research you will be looking at financial, copyright, locations, timeline and facility issues. These issues are a big part for when researching as if are not look into when creating a product such as I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here and Ex on the Beach. If you are using a song in the product you are making you will have to make sure that it is referenced as you are likely to be done for copyright. When creating a product you must make sure that you have enough funds for the facilities you may be using or certain location you will want for example if a certain location you need costs £500 to use hourly and the actors are not available at this certain time this could cause your product to fall through and your sponsor’s will leave you and this could leave you in massive amounts of debt and then this will be a waste of time.

Bibliography

www.BARB.co.uk

www.RAJA.co.uk

Anthony Giddens sociology Polity Press Cambridge 2008

McQueen and Knussen 2002 Methodology Quotes Sheet

Research Methods for Social Science an introduction. Prentice Hall. London.

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research Evaluation

In this blog I will be Evaluating my Secondary Research and explain what went well and what I would do again if I was to do this research again. 

What went well whilst doing my secondary research was being able to find the information on the internet that I wanted I found quiet easily, I was able to gather some really interesting facts such as the final tram was used in Manchester in 1949,  Trams were very popular during the early 1900s because they were cheap and very reliable and that they were very popular amongst the soldiers during the First and Second World War. I was also able to gather interesting information on buses was that they weren't very popular during the early 1900s, Buses only became popular amongst people after Manchester scrapped having trams around in Manchester then the trolley bus was built in Manchester during 1950s and was used up until now and is a very popular use of Transport in Manchester. 

What didn't go so well when I was doing my Secondary Research was that when I was doing my research I wasn't able to gather information on trains in Manchester but when I was making my Podcast Fenton Tenant who I interviewed worked on trains in Manchester building steam locomotives on the trains but I would have like some information to back all the information that Fenton told me in the interview. I was also disappointed that I wasn't able to get some statistics on people who were using public transport during the 1900s-1950s. 

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research Moral Panics Metrolink

In this post I will be looking at morale panics in Manchester at the moment within transport at the moment. A morale panic I have found is that there was a man from Bury who was found hung from the metro link stop in Whitfield people have been really shocked by this and this could make the metro link stops are dangerous at the night time for people to get the trams at night time after this happened a couple of days ago and the bus stop has only just recently been opened again.

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research Moral Panics Metrolink

In this post I will be writing about a morale panic i have found out whilst looking on the news websites. A Morale panic for transport In Manchester is that with the trams being built and when they were being used for the first time in Droylsden a old women was run over by the trams and seriously injured this is a morale panic because it could show that the trams that are in Manchester are the moment could be classed as being unsafe for people when they are crossing the road near tram stops as you can see from the image it is a busy road and people may think that the tram stops will be unsafe for people.

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research Statistics on People Using Trams and Buses in Manchester Secondary Research hester

Secondary Research

Trams

In Greater Manchester alone a lot of people use Public Transport over 260 million people use the Metro Link tram service using to get all over Manchester. There are a total 40 Tram Stops in Manchester and there are more being built now because the tram are going to Ashton now from Manchester so that will mean an extra 10 Stops going up to Ashton. The trams will be soon going all over Tameside and by 2020 there will be a lot more Tram Stops because trams are going to be going to Manchester Airport by that time. Then there will be over 97km of track and 99 Stops for people to get the trams from.

Buses

Also people use Buses in Manchester and there are over 225million getting on the bus and using the bus to get to places in Manchester so as you can see a lot of people in the Manchester use Public Transport. There are also over 16,000 Bus Stops in Manchester and 22 of the Bus Stops are in the Manchester City Town Centre as well so this shows you that Public Transport is evolving daily and more people are starting to use Public Transport in Manchester. 

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research History of Buses in Manchester Secondary Research

During the first world war there was no development on buses in Greater Manchester this date between 1914-1918.

The motor bus section of the Manchester Corporation undertaking grew from 16 vehicles in 1923 to 51 in 1926. To provide the accommodation needed for this expansion, a new depot was opened at Parrs Wood in 1926, the first purpose built bus garage, and an extension for buses was added to the Queens Road tram depot which was used for both Trams and Buses. Shortly after The new bus depot was built it was then demolished a few years later. 

In Manchester plans were made for the replacement of all the trams by motor buses, These were called Trolley buses. The trolleybuses were eventually introduced on a joint basis with Ashton-under-Lyne in 1938, although Ashton had had its own trolleybuses, jointly operated with Oldham, since 1925. A number of extensions to the Manchester / Ashton system were built later, some of which were occasioned by the need to conserve fuel oil during the Second World War.

Manchester and the other authorities would have completely abandoned tramways by the early 1940s. As it was, the remaining routes were to play an important part in the area’s transport system throughout the war.

After the war, delivery of new buses began again, and replacement of the remaining tramways recommenced.

the last Manchester tramcar operated on the morning of Monday 10th January 1949, leaving only Bury to close in February 1949 and Stockport in 1951. Electric traction remained, in the form of the Ashton and Manchester trolleybuses, until they too closed in December 1966.

There was now an all bus system operating over what is now the Greater Manchester area, with 11 municipally controlled operators and two major company systems, those of the North Western Road Car Company, and Lancashire United Transport.

  In 1968, a new Transport Act was introduced. As part of the new act, several bus companies run by local authorities around the Manchester area would merge to create a central organisation. They would be made up of companies operating in the following areas:

• Ashton
• Bolton
• Bury
• Leigh
• Manchester
• Oldham
• Rochdale
• Salford
• Stalybridge, Hyde, Mossley and Dukinfield 
• Stockport
• Wigan

The new central organisation was named SELNEC, which was the South East Lancashire North East Cheshire Passenger Transport Executive.

In 1974, the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive came in to being, bringing Wigan into the area, 

In 1985 the Government passed a new Transport Act, bringing about changes as great as any seen since the 1930s

At one time, around 80 operators were providing road passenger transport services.

At the insistence of Government, GM Buses was divided into two separate companies, and sold to the private sector, initially as GM Buses North and GM Buses South; subsequently the North Company became part of the FirstBus Group, and the South Company became part of the Stagecoach Group.

The Top image is an image of the bus that we are using now in Greater Manchester where as the bottom image is an image of the buses that we were using in Manchester from 1960 till 1966.

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research Trams between 1900-2000s Secondary Research

On the trams between 1900-1949 in its peak in 1928 trams carried over 328 million passengers on 953 trams via 46 routes along 292 miles which is 470km of track.

It was United Kingdoms second largest tram network after the combined services of 16 operators across the capital in 1933.

Other larger systems were in Glasgow Which had 100 miles of double track at its peak also Birmingham which had over 80 miles of track. 

Manchester's carriage ways company agreed to take over the trams in 1898 when they were due to expire in times between 1898 and 1901 inspectors were sent to view the tramlines to see if they will take over them. 

1901-1910= From 1902 onwards both Salford and Manchester tram systems, uniquely in Britain, employed uniformed "trolley boys" – over a thousand at their peak (Jan 1930) – whose job it was to assist guards on double-truck trams by giving the driver a bell signal at the stops. Also they helped people on and off the trams. Manchester took the lead in building these routes so the trams could be leased back for operational services going to. The largest boroughs were Ashton-Under-Lyme, Salford, Oldham. 

1911-1920= In the run up to the first world war there were a enormous expansion in the the tram services to the extent that in 1915 trams were the most popular use of transport in Manchester which was carrying over 200million passengers.

By 1913 trams were running from Stockport, Hyde, Cheadle and Hazel Grove.

Also in 1913 trams were that popular in Manchester they had to change from Route names to Route numbers they were getting that popular everyone was using them.

1914-1918= Transport expansion was quick to be re-established. Women had been employed during the war as tram guards but there were shortages of materials and maintenance staff that led to deterioration of both the track and the vehicle fleet.

1921-1930= In 1921 Manchester Corporation formed a new body with Ashton Corporation and Staylybridge joint board.

this took over the Oldham, Ashton and Hyde Tramway allowing Manchester trams to run on the Ashton via Guide Bridge section. Due to price rises after the war, operational costs rose from £681,000 in 1919 to £1,520,000 by 1922. This led to calls from some quarters for tram expansion to be halted. 

The final decision to completely abandon the tram system in favour of trolley buses and motor buses was taken on 7 July 1937 but the onset of war delayed some of this. In 1945 the final tram in Manchester ran then after that  the last tram in Oldham ran in 1946 so this followed soon after then a year after this in 1947 Bolton and Salford followed. By 1949 just a few miles of track were left in Manchester and the last tram ran on 10 January of that year. The last of the old tram cars were stored at Hyde Road depot until on 16 March they were set ablaze in a huge bonfire, permanently signifying an end to what was once the third largest tramway system in the country.

A few trams were sold to other operators: the last of these in public service were in Aberdeen, in 1956.

The trams continued in Bury for a further month and the last tram ran in Stockport during 1951. 

After so long without trams in 1992 the Metro link was formed to bring back trams into Manchester Since the trams went from manchester during the 1950s in the 1960s the Passenger Executive of Manchester wanted to improve Public Transport in Manchester. There was a breakthrough in 1964 for the rail tracks to be built in Manchester City Centre and tunnelling under the Manchester Arndale Shopping Centre. When the Greater Manchester City Council presented the project to the United Kingdom Government it didn't get the sufficient funds to make it and the idea was abandoned in 1974 and abandoned in 1977 on economic grounds this was when the city council dropped the idea completely. 

In 1982 the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive concluded that an overnight light railway system should be built to use all the un used railway tracks to improve Greater Manchester's public transport network. 

In 1987 funding was given to go ahead with this idea of the Metro link. 

In 1992 the first tram was tested running from Altrincham to Manchester.

By 1999 lots of different Metro link lines were opened such as Eccles, Piccadilly, Altrincham and Bury these were the 4 main lines to the Metro Link going in and out of Manchester.

In 2000 officials of transport planners found that the Metro Link was a great success and the system was exceeding its targets.

On the 6th of july the plans were finalised to get the Metro Link out of Manchester and running to Ashton, Rochdale, Manchester Airport, Oldham, costing over £220 million Pounds and will be finished by 2020 and to this day trams are running from Manchester to Ashton and by 2020 all these plans will be finished and the Metro Link will be running all over Tameside.

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research Hegemony

In this essay I will be describing Hegemony

Hegemony- Hegemony is a an indirect form of government and imperial dominance, Hegemony makes you buy into different shows like X-Factor TOWIE and Im a Celebrity get me out of here. The best example would be TOWIE and X-Factor when people watch TOWIE people will look at what there wearing and people will buy into there look and shops like Topman Hollister will make clothes like that and get the range of clothes so people can look like them and they will also get in whats in fashion at the moment.

Unit 43.2 Secondary Research Podcasts and my idea

Radio Podcast 

Hello in this post I will be talking about my idea and what i am going to do on my Radio factual. In my Radio factual I will be producing a 5-10 minute radio podcast and the idea that I have come up with is How transport has changed in the last 20 years with the trams being built in Tameside and with the buses still going as well and how the prices have changed as well with the prices for buses going up every year and the trams in which one is cheaper. I am going to interview people who have lived in Tameside in the last 20 years and get as much information as possible and interview people from the general public.

In my Radio factual I will be using different types of research such as primary research that being interviews and finding out the information myself. Also I will be using secondary research by going on the internet to find people and contacts on the internet to get interviews with journalists. I will also make my own sound bed if it is possible.

http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/audio/2013/sep/03/football-weekly-podcast-ozil-fallaini-transfer-window

This was one of the podcasts that I looked at as one of my ideas that i was going to make which is just a  football podcast on whats happened during the week in sport. This podcast is aimed at a older audience that being ages 30 and upwards.This podcast has its on sting at the start of the podcast. This podcast isn't boring because when they are telling the headlines they don't just tell you them they emphasis them for example they don't just say Ozil joins arsenal they will say Ozil joins arsenal on transfer deadline day madness is this the player to change arsenals season. I will not be able to do this because I would not be able to get the journals to do it with me and it would be to difficult.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03c2kjc

Another one of my ideas was to do like a radio one chat show on what has happened in the news lately with all the celebrities and all the gossip in the news now. This podcast would be aimed at a younger audience in ages 15-29 year olds. This podcast has its own sting into it as well and i would have to create my own to. In this podcast if they were to talk about what has happened they would get a celebrity on the show so for example one direction have released a new album and it is number one best seller for a week radio one would get them on there to talk about it. So then i opted against doing this idea because i would not be able to get the celebrities.

Unit 46.2 Primary Research Evaluation

In this blog I will be talking about what went well when I was doing my Primary Research and what I could have Improved. 

What went well when I was doing my Primary Research was that I was able to use the H2 recorders and I enjoyed this because I was able to practise using the recorders before I started to make my Podcast and I thought this went well and I made my own questionnaire and asked a few people around college what do they think of transport in Manchester now and how often do they use it and this went well because I gathered some information about how often people used transport and out of the 3 people I interviewed they all said that they used transport often and that transport has made Drastic changes In Manchester with the building of the trams over the last 6 years and the 3 people who I interviewed all said that it has made a drastic change in Manchester with the building of the trams and that transport has got better in Manchester. 

What went bad when I was doing my Primary Research was that the quality of my interviews were not that good and because of the sound it wasn't very clear and because I did the interviews in a canteen there was a lot of noise in the background and you could really hear the interviewees speaking into the recorder but I learnt from this and when I was making my podcast I made sure that I did all of my interviews in a quieter place so that you can then hear the interviewee speaking into the recorder. The questionnaire was a disappointment about primary research because I didn't have a variety of questions and I should have had some multiple choice questions and some questions that you can write an answer for and I will learn from this for next time and I will make sure that I have a variety of questions. 

Unit 43.2 Primary Research Morale Panics

Within this essay I will be discussing the terms Morale Panics,

Morale Panics- A morale panic is where a story which goes into the paper causes other things to happen and is fuelled by the media for example the Madeline Mcann story where Madeline mcann got snatched whilst on holiday in portugal then other stories that are similar to that started to happen and more children were being taken away from there families. Another example would be the Jimmy saville story where he was accused of raping children and then more stories came out like Kevin webster out of coronation street who was accused of raping children and got found not guilty this is a morale panic because it is being fuelled by the media and they are emphasising the story and making out the story to be something that it isn't. Another morale panic would be Miley Cyrus, Miley Cyrus would be a morale panic because of the way she has changed her image and all her music now that has changed where she wears nothing in them now and all the song lyrics that have changed. This is a morale panic because of all the parents that let there children listen to her songs would find them inappropriate for there children to listen to them.

Unit 43.2 Primary Research Interview Questionnaire

This is the Questionnaire that I used when I was going round the college using the Voice Recorders to interview people with as a practice to get used to using the Voice Recorders. 

Unit 43.2 Primary Research Results from my Questionnaire Primary Research

 Results from my Questionnaire Primary Research

These are the results that I have found from handing out my questionnaire it shows that a lot of people use public transport in college when making there way and going home from college. These Results also show that people think that public Transport is getting to expensive. These results can also show you that a lot of people think that Public Transport has made drastic changes over the past 20 years.

Unit 43.2 Primary Research Observations

These are some of the photos I took of the Droylsden Metro link station, I had taken these pictures to get more evidence of the tram stops in Manchester and show the trams stopping at the tram stops I also wanted to show the tram stops being constructed. These pictures are also showing how the the trams will work in Manchester. 

Unit 43.2 Primary Research Questionnaire Primary Research

Questionnaire 

This questionnaire will be about how transport has changed and also about how much the prices keep on going up yearly and what types of transport people use going to places.

Age :

Gender :

Occupation :

1. Do you use Public Transport often and why?

2. Do you think prices for public transport are to expensive?

3. Would you ever use the trams if no why ?

4. Do you think transport has made a drastic change in the last 10 years ?

5. What kind of transport do you use ?

6. Do you prefer StageCoach or First bus ?